endobj endstream endobj 143 0 obj <> endobj 144 0 obj <> endobj 145 0 obj <>stream hޤ�A��0���.���$˶\vSw�J7$Y�rp�8��`+d��;r��C�� �7�y�4.S�� Performative Acts and Gender Constitution - Butler Judith. In one of her most well-known essays, “Performing Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory”, Butler argues that gender is produced through performative acts. Interview by Daniel Nester, Bookslut, April 2005, or. Callon, Michel. It combines a fertile mix of speech–act theory, which views language as performative, creating events … In the essay "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution" (Performative Acts), Judith Butler proposes that gender is performative. The word once used to brand someone a traitor, a “collaborator” is now more likely to reference a helpful friend. Similarly, argues Butler, gender is not expressive of some preexisting identity. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution Counter-argument: Simone de Beauvoir Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Sex/Gender: Feminist/Phenomenological Views - Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Feminist Theory: Beyond an Expressive Model of Gender Judith Butler x��X�n�6}�W�%�.˺_m�M� �&�u Butler, Judith. GENDER = constitution of identity culturally and socially instituted through REPETITION OF STYLIZED ACTS through TIME. It is performative of an interiority which is itself “a publicly regulated and sanctioned form of essence fabrication” (129). For example, John Searle's 'speech acts,' those verbal as- Anybody who knows Judith Butler knows about her theory of performativity. Still, I am hard pressed to know where to draw the line—what to keep to myself. Goffmann, Irving. I truly enjoyed this reading by Judith Butler. Admittedly, theories are emerging in relation to my personal experience…which perhaps explains my compulsion to theorize them as a way of making them universal (?) Download. Loading Preview. These acts do not so much represent subjectivity as it is (which would make them internally continuous); instead they reflect how it should be, a process that Butler asserts must be understood in terms of persuasion: performative acts “constitute…identity as a compelling illusion, … However disconcerting, coming to terms with this as a heterosexual involves implicating oneself in the tyranny of heteronormalcy (Butler, 123). Explanation of Judith Butler’s ‘Performative Acts and Gender Constitutions’ Posted on April 27, 2013 by CredoChe. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Gender is separate from biological sex. The constitution of gender can be located in “gestures, movements, and enactments” (519) that we perform everyday. 1950s = J.L. This aside, the core commonality between gender and collaboration resides in the phenomenological theory of acts. Thaer Deeb; Judith Butler; Article Keywords. 148 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<393EDACEAFA7EAF00D3A18F250C26D70>]/Index[142 16]/Info 141 0 R/Length 52/Prev 297293/Root 143 0 R/Size 158/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Butler’s core argument is that gender is not, as is assumed, a stable identity, but that it is created through the “stylized repetition” of certain acts (gestures, movements, enactments) over time. At this point, Butler asks the question: “How useful is a phenomenological point of departure for a feminist description of gender?” Suffice it to say for my purposes here that both Butler’s sense of performativity and feminism’s emancipatory program share an interest in embodiment as a way of grounding identity in lived experience. Consequently, “One is not simply a body, but, in some very key sense, one does one’s body and, indeed, one does one’s body differently from one’s contemporaries and from one’s embodied predecessors and successors as well” (Butler, 122). You can do this also via certain forms of pragmatism: Davidson and Rorty. Recognizing the tension between the collaborative community and social structures seems critical if one is to understand the ways in which individuals might negotiate these two spheres through their acts of collaboration…all this seems very much related to the point above about the limits of the act. Constitution of gender through performative acts. Gender categories and oppression It’s a key issue for the way in which CP approaches ‘openness’. über-theory of social-agency. On the bus, however, the same act may be perceived as threatening. In “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution,” Butler asserts a position that, while one might biologically be classified as part of the female sex, one’s gender is actually determined by collective acts performed throughout that person’s life. 13th: Paglia’s critique is unfair: if one ‘believes in’ speech acts etc. For Butler, gender is not a “stable identity” but an “identity tenuously constituted… “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution” In The Twentieth-Century On the Performativity of Economics, edited by Donald Mackenzie, Fabian Muniesa and Lucia Siu, 311-358. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.Routledge, 1990. Butler’s belief of gender as a socially constructed identity lead her to produce gender theory that is fundamental in feminist theory. A second premise to Butler’s gender performativity theory is that sex is a strict and rigid binary system. Tethering her argument to Simone de Beauvoir’s claim that “one is not born, but, rather, becomes a woman” (Butler,120), a phrase reappearing several times throughout the text, Butler asserts that gender involves the stylized repetition of acts. 519–531. This is taken from the extract in Rivkin and Ryan as it will be the one that most undergraduates are used to and will have to study. 'illuctionary gestures' (sound good - but what are they?). 10th paragraph: Ah, good a more Foucaultian perspective…! endstream endobj startxref Performative Acts and Gender Constitution-Judith Butler. Download pdf × Close Log In. http://www.bookslut.com/features/2005_04_005030.php [accessed March 30, 2008]. Where’s the praxis? For example, John Searle's 'speech acts,' those verbal as- This system gives rise to, and empowers, a heterosexual and sexed hierarchy of power. ”Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” in:Theatre Journal. On Thursday (13 November) we’ll be working in class with four key claims Butler makes. In her essay “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution,” feminist philosopher Judith Butler writes that gender is “a constructed identity, a performative accomplishment which the mundane social audience, including the actors themselves, come to believe and perform in … This is my first introduction into the iconic Judith Butler's work, and the proper genealogies of gender studies that she pioneered. Fully recuperated by neo-liberalism, today it resonates positively as a “progressive” way of working. And straight away, there are also some things that I'd like to have explained e.g. This study guide for Judith Butler's Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory offers summary and analysis on themes, symbols, and other literary devices found in the text. “What does it mean to say that economics is performative?” In Do Economists Make Markets? In “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory” Judith Butler follows up on her thought in publications such as "Gender Trouble", "Critically Queer" and "Bodies that Matter". Performative acts and gender constitution: An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory become. h�bbd``b`j�@�q*�Dlˁ��8&FY�,#�?��O� ��� Far from natural (innate), these acts are socialized—socialized, moreover, with the express purpose of normalizing heterosexual identity. To Butler our biological sex is something that has been socially constructted through our own repetitive performance of gender.Butler argues that social reality is not… Or another way of putting this is to say: one’s anatomy only allows one to be (‘normatively’) male or female and those categories are tied to perceived anatomical identifiers. 11th paragraph – I could do with more on the distinction between ‘performative’ and ‘expressive’ identity – as it rests on a notion of performativity in the tradition of Searle and the idea of speech-acts…. London: Routledge, 1996. Compiling case studies about the interplay between the lived experiences of individuals and their performances as creative collaborators might also help to tease out tensions between different aspects of their embodiment. 4 (Dec. 1988), pp. Illocutionary gestures (Searl’s speech acts [analytic philosophy of language]), action theory (a domain of moral philosophy concerned with what one ought to do), and the phenomenological theory of the “act” provide the backdrop for her theory of gender as socially constructed and thus subject to reconfiguration. Butler’s (gendered) subjectivity differs from Erving Goffmann’s view of the self (The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life) as exchanging and assuming various roles within the practice of life because for Butler, gendered subjectivity not only transcends discrete roles it is also constructed in compliance with heavily internalized regulations of socially appropriate gender identity. (426) Returning again to de Beauvoir’s observation that “woman” is a role that females (typically) assume through socialization, and summoning Merleau Ponty’s claim that the body is “an historical idea,” not a “natural species” (Butler, 121), Butler situates gender in relation to the historical possibilities that circumscribe both its significance and capacity. Butler, Judith. Another problem with Butler’s approach to the phenomenology of acts and by extension performativity is that it does not take other contingencies into consideration. 2nded. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Theatre Journal, vol. You seem to be asking 2 questions – one about phenomenology’s value to Butler and another about the use of performativity and feminism for you! The essay draws on the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and the feminism of Simone de Beauvoir , noting that both thinkers grounded their theories in "lived experience" and viewed the sexual body as a historical idea or situation. In other words, Butler is arguing gender exists because society has placed one’s biological sex on a pedestal of importance. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. If so, it’s strange that we haven’t seen more mutations in categories of gendered bodies, historically speaking. Could the same be true of collaboration? Performative Acts and Gender Constitution Counter-argument: Simone de Beauvoir Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Sex/Gender: Feminist/Phenomenological Views - Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Feminist Theory: Beyond an Expressive Model of Gender Judith Butler This brings me to Butler’s distinction between gender performance in theatrical and non-theatrical contexts. Certainly, there are general assumptions about what constitutes “a collaborator” in the same way there are general assumptions about what constitutes “a woman.” It might, therefore, be useful to unpick these assumptions and assess how they operate in the service of advanced capitalist culture (Brian Holmes’ notion of the “flexible personality” would be useful here). Using past philosophies and theatrical examples, she discusses the complex nature of gender identity that exists through the false reality of societal values and sanctions. It argues that yes, gender is performative (with some level of identity Butler again wrestles with the relationship between her partial theory of gender and the broad church of feminism and its political program. To deny this, argues Butler, would be to relinquish “…power to expand the cultural field bodily through subversive performance of various kinds” (132), which seems to be her ultimate goal. We don’t ‘have to have’ biology…theoretically speaking. Full citation: Butler, Judith. Butler reminds me that: So the personal is political and, like most things political, there’s signification in the spin. Parse Butler’s conclusion: "Gender is what is put on, invariably, under constraint, daily and incessantly, with anxiety and pleasure, but if this continuous act is mistaken for a natural or linguistic given, power is relinquished to expand the cultural field bodily through subversive performances of various kinds." “The Body You Want” Interview with Liz Kotz, Artforum, Nov. 1992, pp. what is womanhood? 40, no. 9-26. [22] November 24, 2015. And they both attempt to make visible “that which is not seen” by the dominant order [read: patriarchy]. At the same time, Butler is cautious about collapsing all women into the category of “women” (and by extension, all queer subjectivities into the identifier, “queer”), as doing so effaces the lived experience of individuals—their embodied realities. Feminist through: beyond an expressive model of gender. ��@S�ōD�$���R�-m)��Q�9�33g���Ofש���̗���'�������|' Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory Judith Butler Philosophers rarely think about acting in the theatrical sense, but they do have a discourse of 'acts' that maintains associative semantic meanings with theories of performance and acting. Though I remain unsure quite how to tackle this in my research, it seems prudent to at least acknowledge identity as a compound-complex phenomenon comprised of but not limited to gender, ethnicity, class and so on. But some also attempt something “better,” an alternative to preexisting structures. Those who fail to enact normative models of gender are punished; those who conform to dominant models of gender are affirmed. ]?ϝ$�]ϋ�y�|ywOĒ�)�D�;� �ν;�J�'� I'd like to know what took you - or got you - to this text. Any change is abnormal, transgressive. Admittedly, social notions of collaboration are not as deeply inscribed as those of gender. Judith Butler: Performative Acts and Gender Constitution – wordsforthought5. 157 0 obj <>stream ACT = Bodily gestures, styles, movements (language as well) = stylized acts that must constantly be REPEATED. This page was last modified on 24 November 2010, at 14:21. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay on Phenomenology and Feminist Theory . Gender is not natural; it is socially constructed. 'BpTA�X��$b)�$1��#�5&I����12/*���� ó��y�χ�s�O Mm~���;�Q��������3���PJB�T)�&�,3�y�St�,��gA� (��cN�(�8��v[ݭ[C��|��r+R��$�$��T�*��4^��q���#,�ˌ�n�����{r�t��t�����3N#���e�ջq�ԙ���?o Butler, Judith. —. Complicating this claim is Butler’s contention that gender constitution through performative acts tends to be internally discontinuous. … Again taking aim at the feminist use of “woman” as a descriptor-cum-political-tool-cum-univocal-point-of-view, she not only draws attention to the ontological insufficiency of the term but also calls for a critical genealogy of the complex institutional and discursive means through which the presupposition of the category of woman itself is constituted (Foucault’s influence). Manuel Herder Politik, Bauernhof Besuchen Mit Kindern, Block House Wandsbek öffnungszeiten, Lüfter Am Laptop, Historisches Portal Essen, Rems Power Press Se Erfahrungen, Estare München Speisekarte, " /> endobj endstream endobj 143 0 obj <> endobj 144 0 obj <> endobj 145 0 obj <>stream hޤ�A��0���.���$˶\vSw�J7$Y�rp�8��`+d��;r��C�� �7�y�4.S�� Performative Acts and Gender Constitution - Butler Judith. In one of her most well-known essays, “Performing Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory”, Butler argues that gender is produced through performative acts. Interview by Daniel Nester, Bookslut, April 2005, or. Callon, Michel. It combines a fertile mix of speech–act theory, which views language as performative, creating events … In the essay "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution" (Performative Acts), Judith Butler proposes that gender is performative. The word once used to brand someone a traitor, a “collaborator” is now more likely to reference a helpful friend. Similarly, argues Butler, gender is not expressive of some preexisting identity. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution Counter-argument: Simone de Beauvoir Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Sex/Gender: Feminist/Phenomenological Views - Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Feminist Theory: Beyond an Expressive Model of Gender Judith Butler x��X�n�6}�W�%�.˺_m�M� �&�u Butler, Judith. GENDER = constitution of identity culturally and socially instituted through REPETITION OF STYLIZED ACTS through TIME. It is performative of an interiority which is itself “a publicly regulated and sanctioned form of essence fabrication” (129). For example, John Searle's 'speech acts,' those verbal as- Anybody who knows Judith Butler knows about her theory of performativity. Still, I am hard pressed to know where to draw the line—what to keep to myself. Goffmann, Irving. I truly enjoyed this reading by Judith Butler. Admittedly, theories are emerging in relation to my personal experience…which perhaps explains my compulsion to theorize them as a way of making them universal (?) Download. Loading Preview. These acts do not so much represent subjectivity as it is (which would make them internally continuous); instead they reflect how it should be, a process that Butler asserts must be understood in terms of persuasion: performative acts “constitute…identity as a compelling illusion, … However disconcerting, coming to terms with this as a heterosexual involves implicating oneself in the tyranny of heteronormalcy (Butler, 123). Explanation of Judith Butler’s ‘Performative Acts and Gender Constitutions’ Posted on April 27, 2013 by CredoChe. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Gender is separate from biological sex. The constitution of gender can be located in “gestures, movements, and enactments” (519) that we perform everyday. 1950s = J.L. This aside, the core commonality between gender and collaboration resides in the phenomenological theory of acts. Thaer Deeb; Judith Butler; Article Keywords. 148 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<393EDACEAFA7EAF00D3A18F250C26D70>]/Index[142 16]/Info 141 0 R/Length 52/Prev 297293/Root 143 0 R/Size 158/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Butler’s core argument is that gender is not, as is assumed, a stable identity, but that it is created through the “stylized repetition” of certain acts (gestures, movements, enactments) over time. At this point, Butler asks the question: “How useful is a phenomenological point of departure for a feminist description of gender?” Suffice it to say for my purposes here that both Butler’s sense of performativity and feminism’s emancipatory program share an interest in embodiment as a way of grounding identity in lived experience. Consequently, “One is not simply a body, but, in some very key sense, one does one’s body and, indeed, one does one’s body differently from one’s contemporaries and from one’s embodied predecessors and successors as well” (Butler, 122). You can do this also via certain forms of pragmatism: Davidson and Rorty. Recognizing the tension between the collaborative community and social structures seems critical if one is to understand the ways in which individuals might negotiate these two spheres through their acts of collaboration…all this seems very much related to the point above about the limits of the act. Constitution of gender through performative acts. Gender categories and oppression It’s a key issue for the way in which CP approaches ‘openness’. über-theory of social-agency. On the bus, however, the same act may be perceived as threatening. In “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution,” Butler asserts a position that, while one might biologically be classified as part of the female sex, one’s gender is actually determined by collective acts performed throughout that person’s life. 13th: Paglia’s critique is unfair: if one ‘believes in’ speech acts etc. For Butler, gender is not a “stable identity” but an “identity tenuously constituted… “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution” In The Twentieth-Century On the Performativity of Economics, edited by Donald Mackenzie, Fabian Muniesa and Lucia Siu, 311-358. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.Routledge, 1990. Butler’s belief of gender as a socially constructed identity lead her to produce gender theory that is fundamental in feminist theory. A second premise to Butler’s gender performativity theory is that sex is a strict and rigid binary system. Tethering her argument to Simone de Beauvoir’s claim that “one is not born, but, rather, becomes a woman” (Butler,120), a phrase reappearing several times throughout the text, Butler asserts that gender involves the stylized repetition of acts. 519–531. This is taken from the extract in Rivkin and Ryan as it will be the one that most undergraduates are used to and will have to study. 'illuctionary gestures' (sound good - but what are they?). 10th paragraph: Ah, good a more Foucaultian perspective…! endstream endobj startxref Performative Acts and Gender Constitution-Judith Butler. Download pdf × Close Log In. http://www.bookslut.com/features/2005_04_005030.php [accessed March 30, 2008]. Where’s the praxis? For example, John Searle's 'speech acts,' those verbal as- This system gives rise to, and empowers, a heterosexual and sexed hierarchy of power. ”Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” in:Theatre Journal. On Thursday (13 November) we’ll be working in class with four key claims Butler makes. In her essay “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution,” feminist philosopher Judith Butler writes that gender is “a constructed identity, a performative accomplishment which the mundane social audience, including the actors themselves, come to believe and perform in … This is my first introduction into the iconic Judith Butler's work, and the proper genealogies of gender studies that she pioneered. Fully recuperated by neo-liberalism, today it resonates positively as a “progressive” way of working. And straight away, there are also some things that I'd like to have explained e.g. This study guide for Judith Butler's Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory offers summary and analysis on themes, symbols, and other literary devices found in the text. “What does it mean to say that economics is performative?” In Do Economists Make Markets? In “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory” Judith Butler follows up on her thought in publications such as "Gender Trouble", "Critically Queer" and "Bodies that Matter". Performative acts and gender constitution: An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory become. h�bbd``b`j�@�q*�Dlˁ��8&FY�,#�?��O� ��� Far from natural (innate), these acts are socialized—socialized, moreover, with the express purpose of normalizing heterosexual identity. To Butler our biological sex is something that has been socially constructted through our own repetitive performance of gender.Butler argues that social reality is not… Or another way of putting this is to say: one’s anatomy only allows one to be (‘normatively’) male or female and those categories are tied to perceived anatomical identifiers. 11th paragraph – I could do with more on the distinction between ‘performative’ and ‘expressive’ identity – as it rests on a notion of performativity in the tradition of Searle and the idea of speech-acts…. London: Routledge, 1996. Compiling case studies about the interplay between the lived experiences of individuals and their performances as creative collaborators might also help to tease out tensions between different aspects of their embodiment. 4 (Dec. 1988), pp. Illocutionary gestures (Searl’s speech acts [analytic philosophy of language]), action theory (a domain of moral philosophy concerned with what one ought to do), and the phenomenological theory of the “act” provide the backdrop for her theory of gender as socially constructed and thus subject to reconfiguration. Butler’s (gendered) subjectivity differs from Erving Goffmann’s view of the self (The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life) as exchanging and assuming various roles within the practice of life because for Butler, gendered subjectivity not only transcends discrete roles it is also constructed in compliance with heavily internalized regulations of socially appropriate gender identity. (426) Returning again to de Beauvoir’s observation that “woman” is a role that females (typically) assume through socialization, and summoning Merleau Ponty’s claim that the body is “an historical idea,” not a “natural species” (Butler, 121), Butler situates gender in relation to the historical possibilities that circumscribe both its significance and capacity. Butler, Judith. Another problem with Butler’s approach to the phenomenology of acts and by extension performativity is that it does not take other contingencies into consideration. 2nded. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Theatre Journal, vol. You seem to be asking 2 questions – one about phenomenology’s value to Butler and another about the use of performativity and feminism for you! The essay draws on the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and the feminism of Simone de Beauvoir , noting that both thinkers grounded their theories in "lived experience" and viewed the sexual body as a historical idea or situation. In other words, Butler is arguing gender exists because society has placed one’s biological sex on a pedestal of importance. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. If so, it’s strange that we haven’t seen more mutations in categories of gendered bodies, historically speaking. Could the same be true of collaboration? Performative Acts and Gender Constitution Counter-argument: Simone de Beauvoir Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Sex/Gender: Feminist/Phenomenological Views - Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Feminist Theory: Beyond an Expressive Model of Gender Judith Butler This brings me to Butler’s distinction between gender performance in theatrical and non-theatrical contexts. Certainly, there are general assumptions about what constitutes “a collaborator” in the same way there are general assumptions about what constitutes “a woman.” It might, therefore, be useful to unpick these assumptions and assess how they operate in the service of advanced capitalist culture (Brian Holmes’ notion of the “flexible personality” would be useful here). Using past philosophies and theatrical examples, she discusses the complex nature of gender identity that exists through the false reality of societal values and sanctions. It argues that yes, gender is performative (with some level of identity Butler again wrestles with the relationship between her partial theory of gender and the broad church of feminism and its political program. To deny this, argues Butler, would be to relinquish “…power to expand the cultural field bodily through subversive performance of various kinds” (132), which seems to be her ultimate goal. We don’t ‘have to have’ biology…theoretically speaking. Full citation: Butler, Judith. Butler reminds me that: So the personal is political and, like most things political, there’s signification in the spin. Parse Butler’s conclusion: "Gender is what is put on, invariably, under constraint, daily and incessantly, with anxiety and pleasure, but if this continuous act is mistaken for a natural or linguistic given, power is relinquished to expand the cultural field bodily through subversive performances of various kinds." “The Body You Want” Interview with Liz Kotz, Artforum, Nov. 1992, pp. what is womanhood? 40, no. 9-26. [22] November 24, 2015. And they both attempt to make visible “that which is not seen” by the dominant order [read: patriarchy]. At the same time, Butler is cautious about collapsing all women into the category of “women” (and by extension, all queer subjectivities into the identifier, “queer”), as doing so effaces the lived experience of individuals—their embodied realities. Feminist through: beyond an expressive model of gender. ��@S�ōD�$���R�-m)��Q�9�33g���Ofש���̗���'�������|' Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory Judith Butler Philosophers rarely think about acting in the theatrical sense, but they do have a discourse of 'acts' that maintains associative semantic meanings with theories of performance and acting. Though I remain unsure quite how to tackle this in my research, it seems prudent to at least acknowledge identity as a compound-complex phenomenon comprised of but not limited to gender, ethnicity, class and so on. But some also attempt something “better,” an alternative to preexisting structures. Those who fail to enact normative models of gender are punished; those who conform to dominant models of gender are affirmed. ]?ϝ$�]ϋ�y�|ywOĒ�)�D�;� �ν;�J�'� I'd like to know what took you - or got you - to this text. Any change is abnormal, transgressive. Admittedly, social notions of collaboration are not as deeply inscribed as those of gender. Judith Butler: Performative Acts and Gender Constitution – wordsforthought5. 157 0 obj <>stream ACT = Bodily gestures, styles, movements (language as well) = stylized acts that must constantly be REPEATED. This page was last modified on 24 November 2010, at 14:21. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay on Phenomenology and Feminist Theory . Gender is not natural; it is socially constructed. 'BpTA�X��$b)�$1��#�5&I����12/*���� ó��y�χ�s�O Mm~���;�Q��������3���PJB�T)�&�,3�y�St�,��gA� (��cN�(�8��v[ݭ[C��|��r+R��$�$��T�*��4^��q���#,�ˌ�n�����{r�t��t�����3N#���e�ջq�ԙ���?o Butler, Judith. —. Complicating this claim is Butler’s contention that gender constitution through performative acts tends to be internally discontinuous. … Again taking aim at the feminist use of “woman” as a descriptor-cum-political-tool-cum-univocal-point-of-view, she not only draws attention to the ontological insufficiency of the term but also calls for a critical genealogy of the complex institutional and discursive means through which the presupposition of the category of woman itself is constituted (Foucault’s influence). Manuel Herder Politik, Bauernhof Besuchen Mit Kindern, Block House Wandsbek öffnungszeiten, Lüfter Am Laptop, Historisches Portal Essen, Rems Power Press Se Erfahrungen, Estare München Speisekarte, " /> Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in /home/.sites/49/site7205150/web/wp-content/plugins/-seo/frontend/schema/class-schema-utils.php on line 26
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Gender roles are something that is socially constructed. I’d really like to know more about comparisons between Goffman, Turckle and Butler…. Princeton: Princeton University Press. In-text: (Butler, 1988) Your Bibliography: Butler, J., 1988. It does not proceed itself; it does not preexist its performance. The individual’s collaborator subjectivities, The individuals’ role(s) as collaborators, The ways these roles may be socially conditioned and therefore performative rather than expressive, The social norms underpinning expectations bound up with these roles, The collaboration as a distinct sphere (like the theatre), The ways collaborators respond to one another (punish or affirm one another) based on their respective performances, The collaborative work produced by these individuals-cum-collaborators. This essay by Judith Butler has become a feminist classic. Butler does not consider how space within the performance is constituted anymore than she accounts for the ways in which others involved in a performance might interpret the performative act. 16th: so why not start with Moya Lloyd! Edited by Michael Huxley and Noel Witts. Judith Butler’s essay, “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory”, argues that “gender identity is a performative accomplishment compelled by social sanction and taboo (520)”. “Introduction: Identity in the Age of the Internet.” In Life on the Screen. She cautions, however, against this genealogy reifying gender as binary and heterosexuality as natural, demanding instead for an understanding of gender as “…not passively scripted on the body, and neither is it determined by nature, language, the symbolic, or the overwhelming history of patriarchy” (132). Mary Anne and I agree it would behoove me to think through various means of describing/negotiating this reflection in my work. �pCXA�y��L*�ZE9;�Y_I�6摂W�%a��?_m4~s�G�G���m�&5eT*sn^.6����Gc/&͟�����ܶU�rѪ��p'$g��QkFJ oy+�^�ŏ7KB[Ω���\�y�����>�O�y�}}6�|�.�ҳ��'�����Т�>|��l'�j>�g�|��t�L��u�:�k'��f�٩�M��Y;�'N.���b�����J5g�YE٣t�KŅ��j&)��t�~��Y�Y���y䝄��Ix�=׫������J�ƽ�; /��%����*��8������ȷ�PPs��0U��h�EEeI@1.6V�CJ��ƛG Conclusion Explain how it will help Describe the next steps Refer back to the pros and cons Butler in a nutshell Performatives Evolution She's written so much about performativity and gender that we can synthesize much of her work. It seems to me that what would be useful in all of this, is a more(?!) Posted on December 6, 2015 December 6, 2015 by mbarreto001. Returning to my task at hand: “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution” concludes with a tour de force. It reiterates all I felt and believed about gender and gender roles. I love this cultural history of ‘collaboration’. « Review of Gilles Deleuze and Claire Parnet’s Dialogues. Bullet points: these seem to get to the philosophical core of your research and are well-identified and the JB quote is v pertinent. And why does the assertion of something like a ‘moral law’ of gender make subject of these acts ‘discontinuous’. Significance to my research: The relevance of Butler’s text resides primarily in both her sense of identity as performative (rather than expressive) and in her claim on peformativity as a tool for broadening the cultural field. Thinking this through further in relation to both Goffmann’s notion of roles and Sherry Turkle’s ideas about distributed presence conditioned by using a cascade of desktop windows (Life on the Screen, 11) could prove useful for coming to terms with the construction and performance of collaborative identities. Critical review of the article Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory by Judith Butler Gender is a difficult term to define. Yes, the word has indeed gone through a ‘U’ turn, which should make us cautious. Euphoria adopts a modified form of Judith Butler’s gender performativity theory. Like feminism, collaboration is bound up with the a “shared social structure.” Certainly, collaborations are fashioned (sometimes but not always by their members) in relation to society or, more accurately, as part of society in the absence of an outside. This essay explains her conception of gender as performative while producing a critique of feminism at the same time. 40, no. This is assuming, of course, that being a collaborator is only one of several roles these individuals assume. Judith Butler: Performative Acts and Gender Constitution, http://www.bookslut.com/features/2005_04_005030.php, http://www.criticalpracticechelsea.org/wiki/index.php?title=Judith_Butler:_Performative_Acts_and_Gender_Constitution&oldid=10728, Sex/Gender: feminist and phenomenological views, Binary Genders and the heterosexual contract. 1988: “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution” Gender is performative. Through performative acts, we . “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution.” In The Twentieth-Century Performance Reader. According to Butler, gender is a thing we perform, we act out. Austin (British Philosopher) The first of these is from Camille Paglia, whose plain dislike for Butler is palpable in her prose. Through “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution,” Judith Butler argues that gender is not biologically established, but is formed through a repetition of acts, or through socially constructed histories of a particular gender. 0. h�b```a``����������(��ed褬�(�/��?k�[�rl�����3��0nu]��������$O�N�^V��T>��.�糝��X�Ҍ@� � qu � Butler’s further argument is that the acts that are … 2nded. These repetitions result in what Butler calls a “performative accomplishment” – the illusion that gender is itself a substantial identity and not a construct. Butler's agenda is that gender roles are assigned through the "performance" of socially sanctioned practices (from the way we dress to the way we move all the way to the way our social … ‘Essentialism’ being the thread of continuity… There’s a huge political point here – about transformational, democratic politics and where one ‘has’ to start from in order to bring democracy about. Butler, Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory (1988) 40(4) Theatre Journal 519-531; Gender Trouble (1990); The Psychic Life of Power 83 (1997). This paper provides a summary and critique of Judith Butler's article "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution." There are several examples of different views of gender that don’t follow the traditional Western viewpoint. 5th paragraph: I’m confused about where your account of B is going. In revealing how “normative” acts of gender perpetuate “normative” notions of gender, Butler seeks to demystify gender as anything but normative and in so doing open up possibilities for contesting and transgressing the reified significance of heterosexual gender as normative. 12th: but surely, the idea of ‘acts’ (via phenomenology) applies to all forms of subjectivity / being in the world? Judith Butler’s Performing Acts and Gender Constitution examines the author’s concept of “gender acts.” According to Butler, gender is not inherent but rather “an identity tenuously constituted in time—an identity instituted through a stylized repetition of acts” (392). Edited by Michael Huxley and Noel Witts. Butler goes on to say that gender is a construction fabricated, it is a series of acts. So what, if any, are the problems with applying performativity to collaboration in the same way Butler applies it to gender? By performative, she means that an act is an act by the very fact of it happening, such as the act of promising by saying ‘I promise’. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory Judith Butler Philosophers rarely think about acting in the theatrical sense, but they do have a discourse of 'acts' that maintains associative semantic meanings with theories of performance and acting. New York: Touchstone, 1997. “The authors of gender become entranced by their own fictions whereby the construction compels one’s belief in its necessity and naturalness (Butler, 123).” With cycle of performance-persuasion-performance demystified, Butler’s project now involves proposing strategies for transcending this loop. Judith Butler, “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory” (1988) Philosophers rarely think about acting in the theatrical sense, but they do h ave a discourse of “acts” that maintains associative semantic … This study guide for Judith Butler's Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory offers summary and analysis on themes, symbols, and other literary devices found in the text. 4, 1988, pp. 1950s = J.L. Butler, Judith. 1988 - Theatre Journal. 0 While exciting (it is thrilling to have a clear focus at last) there are many ways to write this discussion. Gender; sex; Body; Performance, Phenomenology; Feminism; Jul, 2018. 7 Butler, Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly 176 (2015). There is nothing “natural” or “biological” about gender, though the sedimentation of gender helps create this lie of gender as THE TRUTH, which cannot suffer change. (I am thinking about the historical avant-garde’s experiments of the early 20th century). 7��w!���ҵ�x3��M�[콎�x����4�w*��B�(�Ei�������l�4ke��y~� ����EX�#E��K ˜4 519-531. 1$����A��r�¸��v�. These alternative structures may nurture different types of community but this does not mean they impact society by extension. It is my sense there is a tendency to observe people’s performance as collaborators, to assess their behavior based on how well they fulfill this “job description,” even in instances where their work goes unpaid. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory Judith Butler Philosophers rarely think about acting in the theatrical sense, but they do have a discourse of 'acts' that maintains associative semantic meanings with theories of performance and acting. The paper also includes a list of key terms with definitions. Four key claims Judith Butler makes in “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution” Posted on November 12, 2014 by Kim Solga. Gender is something performed and performed as a continuous act. In this case, gender is constituted in the mundane acts of the body; the performative acts constitute gender. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory Judith Butler Philosophers rarely think about acting in the theatrical sense, but they do have a discourse of 'acts' that maintains associative semantic meanings with theories of performance and acting. In this case, however, the limits are the scalability of the individual’s experience…including my own. 1950s = J.L. Log In with Facebook Log In with Google. Drawing on Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and George Herbert Mead, Butler seeks to understand the quotidian ways in which “…social agents constitute social reality through language, gesture and above all the symbolic social sign” (120). Gender varies by time period and culture. 4th paragraph: we move from the ‘subject’ to its ‘body’. In outlining Butler's arguments, the paper makes comparisons to other theorists such as Beauvoir and Turner. Paglia, Camille. Is there a tendency to see those engaged in this kind of activity as “collaborators” first and foremost, and if so, what does this mean? Turkle, Sherry. 142 0 obj <> endobj endstream endobj 143 0 obj <> endobj 144 0 obj <> endobj 145 0 obj <>stream hޤ�A��0���.���$˶\vSw�J7$Y�rp�8��`+d��;r��C�� �7�y�4.S�� Performative Acts and Gender Constitution - Butler Judith. In one of her most well-known essays, “Performing Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory”, Butler argues that gender is produced through performative acts. Interview by Daniel Nester, Bookslut, April 2005, or. Callon, Michel. It combines a fertile mix of speech–act theory, which views language as performative, creating events … In the essay "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution" (Performative Acts), Judith Butler proposes that gender is performative. The word once used to brand someone a traitor, a “collaborator” is now more likely to reference a helpful friend. Similarly, argues Butler, gender is not expressive of some preexisting identity. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution Counter-argument: Simone de Beauvoir Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Sex/Gender: Feminist/Phenomenological Views - Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Feminist Theory: Beyond an Expressive Model of Gender Judith Butler x��X�n�6}�W�%�.˺_m�M� �&�u Butler, Judith. GENDER = constitution of identity culturally and socially instituted through REPETITION OF STYLIZED ACTS through TIME. It is performative of an interiority which is itself “a publicly regulated and sanctioned form of essence fabrication” (129). For example, John Searle's 'speech acts,' those verbal as- Anybody who knows Judith Butler knows about her theory of performativity. Still, I am hard pressed to know where to draw the line—what to keep to myself. Goffmann, Irving. I truly enjoyed this reading by Judith Butler. Admittedly, theories are emerging in relation to my personal experience…which perhaps explains my compulsion to theorize them as a way of making them universal (?) Download. Loading Preview. These acts do not so much represent subjectivity as it is (which would make them internally continuous); instead they reflect how it should be, a process that Butler asserts must be understood in terms of persuasion: performative acts “constitute…identity as a compelling illusion, … However disconcerting, coming to terms with this as a heterosexual involves implicating oneself in the tyranny of heteronormalcy (Butler, 123). Explanation of Judith Butler’s ‘Performative Acts and Gender Constitutions’ Posted on April 27, 2013 by CredoChe. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Gender is separate from biological sex. The constitution of gender can be located in “gestures, movements, and enactments” (519) that we perform everyday. 1950s = J.L. This aside, the core commonality between gender and collaboration resides in the phenomenological theory of acts. Thaer Deeb; Judith Butler; Article Keywords. 148 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<393EDACEAFA7EAF00D3A18F250C26D70>]/Index[142 16]/Info 141 0 R/Length 52/Prev 297293/Root 143 0 R/Size 158/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Butler’s core argument is that gender is not, as is assumed, a stable identity, but that it is created through the “stylized repetition” of certain acts (gestures, movements, enactments) over time. At this point, Butler asks the question: “How useful is a phenomenological point of departure for a feminist description of gender?” Suffice it to say for my purposes here that both Butler’s sense of performativity and feminism’s emancipatory program share an interest in embodiment as a way of grounding identity in lived experience. Consequently, “One is not simply a body, but, in some very key sense, one does one’s body and, indeed, one does one’s body differently from one’s contemporaries and from one’s embodied predecessors and successors as well” (Butler, 122). You can do this also via certain forms of pragmatism: Davidson and Rorty. Recognizing the tension between the collaborative community and social structures seems critical if one is to understand the ways in which individuals might negotiate these two spheres through their acts of collaboration…all this seems very much related to the point above about the limits of the act. Constitution of gender through performative acts. Gender categories and oppression It’s a key issue for the way in which CP approaches ‘openness’. über-theory of social-agency. On the bus, however, the same act may be perceived as threatening. In “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution,” Butler asserts a position that, while one might biologically be classified as part of the female sex, one’s gender is actually determined by collective acts performed throughout that person’s life. 13th: Paglia’s critique is unfair: if one ‘believes in’ speech acts etc. For Butler, gender is not a “stable identity” but an “identity tenuously constituted… “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution” In The Twentieth-Century On the Performativity of Economics, edited by Donald Mackenzie, Fabian Muniesa and Lucia Siu, 311-358. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.Routledge, 1990. Butler’s belief of gender as a socially constructed identity lead her to produce gender theory that is fundamental in feminist theory. A second premise to Butler’s gender performativity theory is that sex is a strict and rigid binary system. Tethering her argument to Simone de Beauvoir’s claim that “one is not born, but, rather, becomes a woman” (Butler,120), a phrase reappearing several times throughout the text, Butler asserts that gender involves the stylized repetition of acts. 519–531. This is taken from the extract in Rivkin and Ryan as it will be the one that most undergraduates are used to and will have to study. 'illuctionary gestures' (sound good - but what are they?). 10th paragraph: Ah, good a more Foucaultian perspective…! endstream endobj startxref Performative Acts and Gender Constitution-Judith Butler. Download pdf × Close Log In. http://www.bookslut.com/features/2005_04_005030.php [accessed March 30, 2008]. Where’s the praxis? For example, John Searle's 'speech acts,' those verbal as- This system gives rise to, and empowers, a heterosexual and sexed hierarchy of power. ”Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” in:Theatre Journal. On Thursday (13 November) we’ll be working in class with four key claims Butler makes. In her essay “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution,” feminist philosopher Judith Butler writes that gender is “a constructed identity, a performative accomplishment which the mundane social audience, including the actors themselves, come to believe and perform in … This is my first introduction into the iconic Judith Butler's work, and the proper genealogies of gender studies that she pioneered. Fully recuperated by neo-liberalism, today it resonates positively as a “progressive” way of working. And straight away, there are also some things that I'd like to have explained e.g. This study guide for Judith Butler's Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory offers summary and analysis on themes, symbols, and other literary devices found in the text. “What does it mean to say that economics is performative?” In Do Economists Make Markets? In “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory” Judith Butler follows up on her thought in publications such as "Gender Trouble", "Critically Queer" and "Bodies that Matter". Performative acts and gender constitution: An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory become. h�bbd``b`j�@�q*�Dlˁ��8&FY�,#�?��O� ��� Far from natural (innate), these acts are socialized—socialized, moreover, with the express purpose of normalizing heterosexual identity. To Butler our biological sex is something that has been socially constructted through our own repetitive performance of gender.Butler argues that social reality is not… Or another way of putting this is to say: one’s anatomy only allows one to be (‘normatively’) male or female and those categories are tied to perceived anatomical identifiers. 11th paragraph – I could do with more on the distinction between ‘performative’ and ‘expressive’ identity – as it rests on a notion of performativity in the tradition of Searle and the idea of speech-acts…. London: Routledge, 1996. Compiling case studies about the interplay between the lived experiences of individuals and their performances as creative collaborators might also help to tease out tensions between different aspects of their embodiment. 4 (Dec. 1988), pp. Illocutionary gestures (Searl’s speech acts [analytic philosophy of language]), action theory (a domain of moral philosophy concerned with what one ought to do), and the phenomenological theory of the “act” provide the backdrop for her theory of gender as socially constructed and thus subject to reconfiguration. Butler’s (gendered) subjectivity differs from Erving Goffmann’s view of the self (The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life) as exchanging and assuming various roles within the practice of life because for Butler, gendered subjectivity not only transcends discrete roles it is also constructed in compliance with heavily internalized regulations of socially appropriate gender identity. (426) Returning again to de Beauvoir’s observation that “woman” is a role that females (typically) assume through socialization, and summoning Merleau Ponty’s claim that the body is “an historical idea,” not a “natural species” (Butler, 121), Butler situates gender in relation to the historical possibilities that circumscribe both its significance and capacity. Butler, Judith. Another problem with Butler’s approach to the phenomenology of acts and by extension performativity is that it does not take other contingencies into consideration. 2nded. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Theatre Journal, vol. You seem to be asking 2 questions – one about phenomenology’s value to Butler and another about the use of performativity and feminism for you! The essay draws on the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and the feminism of Simone de Beauvoir , noting that both thinkers grounded their theories in "lived experience" and viewed the sexual body as a historical idea or situation. In other words, Butler is arguing gender exists because society has placed one’s biological sex on a pedestal of importance. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. If so, it’s strange that we haven’t seen more mutations in categories of gendered bodies, historically speaking. Could the same be true of collaboration? Performative Acts and Gender Constitution Counter-argument: Simone de Beauvoir Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Sex/Gender: Feminist/Phenomenological Views - Binary Genders and Heterosexual Contract - Feminist Theory: Beyond an Expressive Model of Gender Judith Butler This brings me to Butler’s distinction between gender performance in theatrical and non-theatrical contexts. Certainly, there are general assumptions about what constitutes “a collaborator” in the same way there are general assumptions about what constitutes “a woman.” It might, therefore, be useful to unpick these assumptions and assess how they operate in the service of advanced capitalist culture (Brian Holmes’ notion of the “flexible personality” would be useful here). Using past philosophies and theatrical examples, she discusses the complex nature of gender identity that exists through the false reality of societal values and sanctions. It argues that yes, gender is performative (with some level of identity Butler again wrestles with the relationship between her partial theory of gender and the broad church of feminism and its political program. To deny this, argues Butler, would be to relinquish “…power to expand the cultural field bodily through subversive performance of various kinds” (132), which seems to be her ultimate goal. We don’t ‘have to have’ biology…theoretically speaking. Full citation: Butler, Judith. Butler reminds me that: So the personal is political and, like most things political, there’s signification in the spin. Parse Butler’s conclusion: "Gender is what is put on, invariably, under constraint, daily and incessantly, with anxiety and pleasure, but if this continuous act is mistaken for a natural or linguistic given, power is relinquished to expand the cultural field bodily through subversive performances of various kinds." “The Body You Want” Interview with Liz Kotz, Artforum, Nov. 1992, pp. what is womanhood? 40, no. 9-26. [22] November 24, 2015. And they both attempt to make visible “that which is not seen” by the dominant order [read: patriarchy]. At the same time, Butler is cautious about collapsing all women into the category of “women” (and by extension, all queer subjectivities into the identifier, “queer”), as doing so effaces the lived experience of individuals—their embodied realities. Feminist through: beyond an expressive model of gender. ��@S�ōD�$���R�-m)��Q�9�33g���Ofש���̗���'�������|' Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory Judith Butler Philosophers rarely think about acting in the theatrical sense, but they do have a discourse of 'acts' that maintains associative semantic meanings with theories of performance and acting. Though I remain unsure quite how to tackle this in my research, it seems prudent to at least acknowledge identity as a compound-complex phenomenon comprised of but not limited to gender, ethnicity, class and so on. But some also attempt something “better,” an alternative to preexisting structures. Those who fail to enact normative models of gender are punished; those who conform to dominant models of gender are affirmed. ]?ϝ$�]ϋ�y�|ywOĒ�)�D�;� �ν;�J�'� I'd like to know what took you - or got you - to this text. Any change is abnormal, transgressive. Admittedly, social notions of collaboration are not as deeply inscribed as those of gender. Judith Butler: Performative Acts and Gender Constitution – wordsforthought5. 157 0 obj <>stream ACT = Bodily gestures, styles, movements (language as well) = stylized acts that must constantly be REPEATED. This page was last modified on 24 November 2010, at 14:21. Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay on Phenomenology and Feminist Theory . Gender is not natural; it is socially constructed. 'BpTA�X��$b)�$1��#�5&I����12/*���� ó��y�χ�s�O Mm~���;�Q��������3���PJB�T)�&�,3�y�St�,��gA� (��cN�(�8��v[ݭ[C��|��r+R��$�$��T�*��4^��q���#,�ˌ�n�����{r�t��t�����3N#���e�ջq�ԙ���?o Butler, Judith. —. Complicating this claim is Butler’s contention that gender constitution through performative acts tends to be internally discontinuous. … Again taking aim at the feminist use of “woman” as a descriptor-cum-political-tool-cum-univocal-point-of-view, she not only draws attention to the ontological insufficiency of the term but also calls for a critical genealogy of the complex institutional and discursive means through which the presupposition of the category of woman itself is constituted (Foucault’s influence).

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