57As pointed out above, the sample sizes for the p-pronoun and the d-pronoun do not reflect the ratio that is found in the “DeWaC” corpus. La recherche déjà existante concernant ces pronoms s’est concentrée sur la compréhension du langage. Among the 64.3% cases where a referent is mentioned more than once, the highest value is found for examples in which the referent of the p-pronoun is mentioned twice, but cases in which the referent of the p-pronoun is mentioned three times or more also occur with some regularity. Proper names and definite NPs are in between, with a slight preference for given antecedents for proper names and a moderate preference for new antecedents for definite NPs. Perfekte Entscheidung , wenn Sie nicht für langes oder kurzes Haar entscheiden können,. 20The pronoun ihn in the last context sentence is given (increasing its accessibility), an object (decreasing its accessibility) and in final position (also decreasing its accessibility). This bias is stronger for the p-pronoun than for the d-pronoun (χ2 = 20, p < 0.001), although the difference is not a large one. 73This difference could possibly be due to some form of priming caused by the determiner of the antecedent. Discover (and save!) Figure 1. 94A corpus example where a clause-final antecedent is given but arguably not a sentence topic is given in [21]. For the possessive pronoun, the two factors “syntactic function” and “clausal position” are defined with regard to the phrase containing the possessive pronoun. (2003). (2003) did not look at other features of the antecedent, their study leaves open whether properties other than the antecedent’s syntactic function influence the choice between p- and d-pronoun, or even make reference to the antecedent’s syntactic function superfluous. Table 10. In accordance with this assumption, Bader and Portele (2015) propose that d-pronouns prefer as antecedent the NP which is least accessible, where accessibility is defined at least in terms of the givenness, the syntactic function and the clausal position of the competing antecedent NPs. Avec notre vaste gamme de plus de 1000 produits boulangers, articles issus de l’épicerie fine et autres produits non alimentaires, vous trouverez tout ce dont vous avez besoin pour votre établissement dans le secteur HoReCa et Bake-off. She has gained recognition for her roles in both blockbusters and independent films, as well as her women's rights work. Hinterwimmer, S. 2014. your own Pins on Pinterest Works: Schütz: "Gloria patri" for the 111th psalm from Psalmen Davids, SWV 34, Es steh' Gott auf, SWV 356, from Symphoniae sacrae, part two (20), Der Engel sprach zu den Hirten, SWV 395, from Geistliche Chormusik (20), O Jesu süss, wer dein gedenkt, SWV 406, from Symphoniae sacrae, part three (20), Ach Herr, du Schöpfer aller Ding, SWV 450 (20), Güldne Haare, gleich Aurore, SWV 440 (20). Discover (and save!) 30In an additional search, we looked for strings of the form “finite Verb + er”. La recherche déjà existante concernant ces pronoms s’est concentrée sur la compréhension du langage. Der Schrank ist schwerer als der Tisch. 45The joint distribution of the three properties included in Table 2 is shown in Figure 2 for both the p-pronoun er and the d-pronoun der. A corpus example where this indeed seems to be the case is provided in [20]. Thus, for half of the eight combinations of the three features under consideration er is predicted, for the other half der is predicted. 83Every account of pronoun choice in German would have predicted a d-pronoun in this case, especially given the presence of competing antecedents within the final context sentence [C -1]. Both corpus studies thus find that the subject bias for p-pronouns is stronger than the object bias for d-pronouns. The asymmetry is strongest for the syntactic function of the antecedent (84.7% vs. 15.3%) and weakest for the givenness of the antecedent (64.3% vs. 35.7%). ZAS Papers in Linguistics 48. Create an account or log in to Instagram - A simple, fun & creative way to capture, edit & share photos, videos & messages with friends & family. Both pronouns show a clear bias towards human referents. The fact that p-pronoun antecedents were given only 97% of the time is due to restricting the prior context to five sentences. Finalement, nous discutons de facteurs, autres que l’accessibilité, qui affectent le choix du pronom. In contrast to the corpus example in [20], this sentence topic is not the discourse topic, which can be taken to be the referent introduced at the beginning (Maria). Given the difficulties of identifying the topic in each case, we refrain from presenting numerical data on this issue and leave it as a question for future research whether the topichood of the antecedent affects the probability of using the p- or the d-pronoun. There are two main differences between the study of Bosch et al. Journal of Semantics 7 (4): 395-433. 60As discussed above, when the last co-referential item of the pronoun is a possessive pronoun, the question arises whether the pronoun’s antecedent is the possessive pronoun itself or the possessive pronoun’s antecedent. 1 For helpful discussions, we would like to thank Emilia Ellsiepen and Alice Glöckner. Table 6 shows the frequency of a local competitor as well as the frequency of a competitor anywhere within the preceding context. 40We start by considering three properties that are identified by Arnold (2010) as crucial for defining accessibility: the givenness, the syntactic prominence and the recency of the pronoun’s antecedent. 41In order to determine the influence of recency, Table 1 shows the distance between pronoun and antecedent in terms of the number of sentences intervening between pronoun and antecedent. Taken together, these three categories account for about 90% of all antecedents for the p-pronoun. However, prior research has demonstrated that the use of definite NPs without a textual antecedent is quite common. ), Intersentential Pronominal Reference in Child and Adult Language. The possessive pronoun is part of a non-subject in the large majority of cases. Discover (and save!) Thus, the subject pronoun er occurred more often after than before the finite verb. 88A p-pronoun could also have been used in the examples in [18] and [19], but this would have put less emphasis on the referent. 91The question thus is whether the antecedent in these cases was not only given but also a topic. For canonical subject-initial context sentences, the p-pronoun preferentially refers to the topic and the d-pronoun to the focus. your own Pins on Pinterest (2003). Figure 2. There are two cases where identifying the antecedent is not straightforward. We removed these 54 corpus texts from our sample and present a separate analysis for them after we have presented the analysis of the main corpus. Mia Scarcello Photography. Eine zauberhafte Familie Roman" by Alice Hoffman available from Rakuten Kobo. In contexts that provide only one grammatically suitable referent for the pronoun, DPro and PPro occur in free variation, and without any semantic difference. Er schubste ihn dabei mehrmals. The corpus study is supplemented by a production experiment that required participants to continue a short text passage with a sentence starting with either a p-pronoun or a d-pronoun. Revue de linguistique, psycholinguistique et informatique. For definite NP antecedents, both pronouns show a majority of new uses, which is much stronger for d- than for p-pronouns. Speaking of, (corpus = “DeWaC-2” text = “166111” id = “, [C -5] Und als Jesus gestorben ist, schlagen sie sich an die Brust, ein wortloses Zeichen für Reue und Scham. With regard to the effect of syntactic function, the results in Table 2 are close to those found by Bosch et al. Recency, givenness and syntactic prominence, 3.4. 16.10.2012 - Bethany Hoffman hat diesen Pin entdeckt. Table 10 shows that the antecedent of the possessive pronoun has all three properties in the majority of cases whereas for the possessive pronoun itself this is only true for the property of givenness. Table 12. The antecedent of a p-pronoun is typically a given NP that occurs as subject in a non-final clausal position. We made this decision for the following reason. Identifying “Aboutness Topics”: Two Annotation Experiments. Feb 16, 1895-d. Aug 15, 1973-s/o Burd M. & Alice (Siders)-h/o Blanche W. (Fry) Sec B. HAFFNER, ANANIS D.-b. May 7, 2014 - This Pin was discovered by Alice Laidlaw. Because the low number of der examples makes it difficult to arrive at firm conclusions, we only consider the 48 instances with er in the following. Das sagt Alice Hoffmann übrigens völlig akzentfrei, während ihre dunkelroten Haare einen hübschen Kontrast zu ihrem blauen Batikgewand ergeben. 42With regard to givenness in terms of number of mentions, consider first Figure 1, which shows how often the referent of the pronoun was referred to in the preceding context. The results of the experiment strengthen the conclusion that several factors determine accessibility which in turn governs pronoun choice. However, when a referent has been selected and a choice has to be made as to the referential form for referring to it, coherence relations have been found to have no effect (e.g., Fukumura & Van Gompel, 2010; Kehler & Rohde, 2013). From general topics to more of what you would expect to find here, dropthebrandco.shop has it all.
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